What are the functions and precautions of the blood transfusion set?

An infusion device for establishing a passage between blood and veins, consisting of a bottle insertion needle, an air inlet needle or an air inlet (optional, including an air filter device), a needle shield, and a Y-shaped three-way pipeline (optional, a tube The hose on the road also includes a stop clip), dropper (the dropper contains a blood filter), pipeline, dosing port (optional), flow regulator, injection parts (optional), size 7 (23G) or more Composed of intravenous needles or injection needles (optional).

1. Precautions for use

(1) Strict checking system before blood transfusion: check by two or more people, including bed number, name of blood donor and recipient, blood type, blood volume, blood number, cross-matching test results, and blood type , Check the date of blood collection, expiration date, and blood quality. Check before, during, and after operation, and sign the name of the correct person after the operation. The retrieved blood needs to be kept at room temperature for half an hour to prevent adverse reactions caused by too cold blood.

(2) Before the blood transfusion, the patient and his family should be informed of the reasons for blood transfusion, the risks of blood transfusion, and possible adverse reactions after blood transfusion, so that the patient can actively cooperate with the treatment. During the blood transfusion and after the blood transfusion, the general condition of the patient should be closely observed.

(3) Strict aseptic operation during blood transfusion, ensure blood transfusion with a suitable blood transfusion set, do not shake the blood bag violently, and flush the tube with 0.9% sodium chloride injection before and after blood transfusion. Follow the principle of slow first and then fast, control the speed of blood transfusion, start the blood transfusion slowly for 15 minutes, closely observe the patient's condition changes, if there is no adverse reaction, adjust the infusion rate according to the needs of the condition, age and blood components. The function of platelets decreases with the prolongation of storage time. Therefore, the platelets taken from the blood bank should be transfused as soon as possible at the fastest speed that the patient can tolerate, so as to achieve the hemostatic effect. The blood transfusion should be completed within 5 hours, and continuous infusion should be ensured. If the transfusion exceeds 5 hours, the blood should be discarded.

(4) Shortly after blood transfusion, the speed of blood transfusion will slow down or stop. The reasons are:

①Venous spasm: Local venous spasm is the body's response to cold liquid and intermittent infusion. Hot compresses can dilate veins and increase blood transfusion speed.

②Folding of blood transfusion set tubes: due to external factors, the tubes are folded, just open and fix the folds.

③The replacement of blood transfusion equipment is not timely: the standard blood transfusion set filter can filter out clots in the blood and accumulated and degenerated platelets and white blood cells during storage, but if the same blood transfusion set is used continuously for more than 5 hours, some blood components will stick to the filter Precipitation affects the drip rate, and the blood transfusion set needs to be replaced.

④ Blocked cannula: If the cannula is blocked, it needs to be reinserted.

(5) During the blood transfusion, closely observe whether the patient has a transfusion reaction. Once abnormal symptoms such as chills, high fever, dyspnea, and severe pain in the lower back appear, the blood transfusion should be stopped immediately and the doctor should be reported for treatment.

(6) What needs to be emphasized: Blood transfusion can be started after 10 minutes of medication before blood transfusion, especially calcium gluconate is easy to react with substances in plasma to form a gel, which can block the needle. The blood taken back by the patient from the blood bank must be combined with the blood bank of the hospital before it can be used by the patient.

2. user's guidance

(1) Use disposable blood transfusion sets that meet national standards, and ensure that the "three certificates" are complete.

(2) Check whether the seal of the product packaging is intact, pay attention to check the quality and expiration date, check the product model, and pay attention to whether the specifications of the intravenous needle meet the requirements.

(3) Strictly abide by the principle of aseptic operation, and implement the blood transfusion check system (that is, three checks and eight checks).

(4) When exhausting during blood transfusion, try to avoid squeezing the Murphy dropper, so as to avoid a large number of air bubbles mixed into the liquid due to the rapid rush of the liquid to the Murphy dropper of the blood transfusion set. The air in the blood transfusion set should be exhausted, and the liquid level in the Murphy dropper should be 2/3, and the minimum should not be lower than 1/2.

(5) Flush the blood transfusion set with 0.9% sodium chloride injection before and after blood transfusion. When continuously transfusing blood from different donors, flush the blood transfusion channel with 0.9% sodium chloride injection before continuing the infusion.

(6) The blood transfusion process should be slow first and then fast, and then adjust the blood transfusion speed according to the condition and age, and closely observe whether the patient has adverse reactions to blood transfusion (including hemolytic reactions, fever reactions, avoiding various infectious diseases, etc.), and if abnormalities occur The situation should be dealt with in time and reported to the doctor.

(7) Strengthen inspections during blood transfusion, observe changes in the condition, ask patients how they feel, and pay attention to common problems during blood transfusion (such as not dripping the solution, the liquid level of the Murphy dropper drops by itself, blood dripping, etc.), and if there is any abnormality Deal with it in a timely manner.

(8) After use, the primary blood transfusion set shall be destroyed, sterilized, and harmlessly treated in a strictly standardized manner in a timely manner.